A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear or severe discomfort that reaches a peak quickly and includes physical and cognitive symptoms. An attack may occur unexpectedly or in a particular situation. A single attack does not by itself mean that a person has panic disorder.
Typical symptoms of a panic attack
- a rapid or pounding heartbeat;
- shortness of breath, difficulty getting enough air or a choking sensation;
- chest pain or discomfort;
- dizziness, weakness or unsteadiness;
- trembling, sweating, chills or hot flushes;
- nausea, numbness or tingling;
- a feeling that the surroundings are unreal or of being detached from oneself;
- fear of losing control or dying.
Insomnia, sustained weight loss, persistent loss of motivation, conflict and prolonged mood changes are not typical symptoms of the panic attack itself. They may indicate another or coexisting condition and require separate assessment.
Would you like to speak with a specialist?
Submit a request — our administrator will clarify the details and arrange a convenient time.
Panic disorder
Panic disorder may develop when attacks repeatedly occur without warning and a person remains worried about another attack or changes their behaviour to avoid particular places or situations. This avoidance can sometimes lead to agoraphobia. Caffeine, alcohol, some substances and certain medicines can provoke similar symptoms, but the cause needs to be assessed individually.
When is medical assessment needed?
Panic symptoms can resemble heart, respiratory, endocrine and other medical conditions. Medical help is important for a first episode, unusual or particularly severe symptoms, chest pain, fainting, or uncertainty about their cause.
Treatment of panic disorder
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can help a person understand the panic cycle, interpret bodily sensations differently and gradually reduce avoidance. Structured self-help with professional support may also be appropriate.
Medication is not reserved only for people at risk of suicide. For longer-term treatment of panic disorder, a clinician may offer an antidepressant, including a licensed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), after considering symptoms, previous response, other medicines, potential risks and the person's preferences. Medication should not be started or stopped without clinical guidance.
Panic attacks are treatable. Professional mental health support is advisable when fear of another attack begins to restrict travel, work, education or relationships.