Clinical interview and history
The professional asks about mood, interest, sleep, appetite, energy, thinking, behaviour, duration and previous episodes. Stress, support, physical health, medication, alcohol and other substances also matter.
Severity is not just a symptom count
Assessment includes the impact on work, study, relationships, self-care and safety. The same number of symptoms can affect two people very differently.
Other explanations to consider
Bipolar disorder, anxiety, grief, trauma, sleep disorders, physical illness, medicines and substances can produce overlapping symptoms. Further tests are used when clinically indicated.
The role of PHQ-9
PHQ-9 can structure self-report and monitor change but does not confirm a diagnosis. Its result must be interpreted with the clinical picture and safety assessment.
After the assessment
The professional explains the working conclusions and agrees next steps, which may include monitoring, therapy, medical review, further assessment or a treatment plan.
Common questions
A video consultation can support a full clinical assessment when the professional can gather information safely.
A self-completed online test does not establish a diagnosis.
No blood test confirms depression on its own.
Laboratory tests may be used to investigate physical causes of similar symptoms.
No. PHQ-9 is a screening and monitoring tool, not a standalone diagnosis.
The score is considered alongside symptoms, functioning, history and risk.
An initial assessment often begins at the first consultation, but further appointments or tests may be needed.
Timing depends on complexity, coexisting conditions and available medical information.
Medical sources
This material is based on the clinical sources listed below.